Find Answers to Your Questions ~ Our Wave Community

Question 1

When I was around 13, my mother would ask me to massage her back, legs, and bottom area while she was unclothed on her bed. She would use a plastic tool with soap. I'm wondering if this was appropriate behavior from a parent, especially since I feel like if a father asked this of a daughter, it would be seen as inappropriate.

Accepted Answer

Thanks for reaching out to us. It sounds like this memory is creating a lot of discomfort and uncertainty for you, and that's completely understandable. Your instincts about this situation are absolutely valid, and I want to acknowledge how much courage it takes to ask this question. What you've described crosses important boundaries that should exist between parents and children. Being expected to massage a parent's body in an area that normally would be private can violate important boundaries between a child and an adult.

Although every family has different routines around touch, it is widely recognized that asking a child of your age to massage a parent's bare buttocks and legs crosses the line of what is generally considered acceptable caregiving or affection between a parent and child. You're right to recognize that this behavior was inappropriate. It involved unnecessary nudity and physical contact that placed you in an uncomfortable position as a child. It doesn't necessarily matter who is in the role of parent, mother or father, if the situation leaves you feeling that your boundaries were overlooked or that you were placed in an inappropriate position.

Healthy parent-child relationships maintain appropriate physical boundaries, especially as children enter adolescence. Parents should not put their children in situations that involve intimate physical contact or nudity, regardless of how it might be framed or justified. Children deserve to feel safe and respected, and that includes being able to say "no" to touch that feels uncomfortable. Being put in a position where it doesn't feel possible to say no suggests a breach of that safety.

It's normal to question this behavior, especially as an adult looking back, and to feel unsettled that it happened. If you're feeling lingering unease or confusion about these experiences, that in itself is significant and worth acknowledging. It's common for survivors of boundary violations to question their own perceptions, especially when the inappropriate behavior came from someone who was supposed to protect them. Your feelings about this experience, whatever they may be, are completely valid.

What you experienced was not your fault, and you deserved to have your boundaries respected. If these memories continue to weigh on you, it might help to talk about them with someone you trust or with a professional who understands childhood and family boundary issues. Organizations like RAINN (1-800-656-HOPE) offer confidential support and can help connect you with local resources. You deserve support and clarity in coming to terms with any experiences that may have been confusing, distressing, or that simply never sat right with you. Your wellbeing matters, and there are people who understand and want to help.

Question 2

I see some stories on the Our Wave platform have updates.  How do I add an update to my story besides posting in the comments?

Accepted Answer

Hello! Thank you for asking this question. If you would like to add an update to your story, go to https://community.ourwave.org/find-story and enter your email connected to your story to get a secure update link. Once you have that link, you will be able to update your story. Please reach out to hello@ourwave.org if you have any additional questions related to this!

Question 3

I went to a bar with a friend and we both drank heavily. Towards the end of the night, the sober waiter kissed me without my clear consent, then told me to wait until his shift ended so we could leave together. My friend encouraged the kiss and gave him my number without asking me. I didn't want to kiss him or wait for him. I felt guilty and sick the next day when he called. This happened 9 years ago but still makes me uncomfortable. Was this sexual assault or just inappropriate behavior?

Accepted Answer

Thank you for trusting us with this experience. It sounds like you're still wrestling with complicated feelings about that night, which is completely normal. When alcohol is involved and you feel pressure, whether from a friend or from the person who kissed you, figuring out whether true consent was present can be confusing. Consent should always be mutual, informed, and absent of any pressure or impairment. If you were uncomfortable with him kissing you and didn't clearly want it, that's an important part of your own sense of what happened. Even if your friend encouraged you, you still had the right to decline. No one else can decide for you what you should or shouldn't do with your body.

What you experienced represents a significant boundary violation that involved multiple concerning elements. A sober person in a position of service taking advantage of someone who had been drinking heavily creates a power imbalance that makes true consent nearly impossible. The waiter's behavior showed a troubling disregard for your ability to make informed decisions in your intoxicated state, and the pressure you felt from multiple directions created a situation where your true wishes weren't respected or prioritized.

It's not unusual for unsettling thoughts about a past experience to linger, especially if you felt your boundaries may have been overlooked or if you felt out of control of the situation. Whether you label it as sexual assault or consider it an instance of someone pushing past what you were truly okay with, your discomfort is valid and significant. Your body and mind are giving you important information through these lasting feelings of discomfort nine years later. Trauma responses don't follow neat timelines or definitions. They respond to violations of safety, autonomy, and consent.

After all these years, it's understandable that you still feel uneasy. The feelings of guilt you experienced are unfortunately common but entirely misplaced. You did nothing wrong. The responsibility lies with the person who chose to pursue someone who was clearly intoxicated and unable to give informed consent. You might find it helpful to talk through these feelings with someone you trust, like a counselor or a close confidant, and to remind yourself that it wasn't your fault for wanting to keep your boundaries. Whatever language you choose to describe that night, your discomfort matters and you deserve support as you come to terms with how it affected you. Thank you for reaching out to us.

Question 4

In the context sexual behaviour between children of the same or similar ages, what sort of behaviours might be considered coercion?

Accepted Answer

Thank you for this question. When discussing sexual behavior among children or adolescents of similar ages, it's important to be sensitive to the developmental nuances surrounding healthy sexual exploration and areas where coercion can occur. Coercion in these contexts can take various forms, but generally involves pressuring or manipulating someone into sexual activity they're not comfortable with or ready for.

Some behaviors that might be considered coercive include: persistent pressure or begging after being told "no"; using guilt or emotional manipulation; making threats; ignoring clearly stated boundaries or requests to stop; taking advantage of someone who is intoxicated or otherwise unable to consent; using physical force or intimidation; and blackmail or threats to reveal private information or images.

It's crucial to teach young people about consent, healthy relationships, and respecting others' boundaries. Any sexual activity should be mutually agreed upon, with both parties feeling comfortable and free to change their minds at any time.

Healthy exploration in childhood typically involves:

Age-appropriate curiosity and activities
Mutual consent and comfort from all involved
Equal power dynamics (similar age, developmental stage, etc.)
Respect for boundaries and privacy
No coercion or pressure
Ability to stop activities without negative consequences

Potentially problematic behaviors experienced in childhood may include:

Large age gaps or significant differences in developmental stages
Lack of mutual consent or enthusiasm
Pressure, coercion, or manipulation
Ignoring expressed discomfort or attempts to stop
Secrecy enforced through threats or shame
Mimicking adult sexual behaviors beyond age-appropriate understanding
Causing physical or emotional distress

If you're concerned about a specific situation involving minors, it's best to consult with a child psychologist, school counselor, or other professional trained in adolescent development and sexuality. They can provide more tailored guidance and support. In addition, ChildHelp has an online chatline which can provide personalized support and resources in this area.

Question 5

My ex-boyfriend would pressure me into saying "yes" to sexual acts, even when I was too intoxicated to properly consent, not enthusiastic, or uncomfortable with parts of what he was doing. He's a nice guy who supports victims, so I don't think it was intentional. How do I know if this was sexual assault/abuse or if I was just bad at communicating?

Accepted Answer

Thank you for reaching out to us. I can share what I think based on the context you gave, but know that ultimately your interpretation of your experiences is totally up to you.

What you're describing does sound like sexual abuse, even if your ex-boyfriend seemed like a nice person. Pressuring someone into sexual activity, pursuing sex with a person who is too intoxicated to consent, and ignoring a partner's expressed discomfort are all forms of coercion and assault. Consent should be freely given, reversible, informed, enthusiastic, and specific. It doesn't sound like your "yes" met those criteria.

It's common for people who experience sexual abuse, especially from a partner, to struggle with self-doubt and blame. You may find yourself making excuses for his behavior or wondering if you somehow communicated poorly. But the truth is, the responsibility lies with the person who violated your consent and bodily autonomy. No matter how nice he seemed in other contexts, his actions in those moments were not okay.

Your partner should have prioritized your comfort, checked in with you, and respected any hesitation. Being too intoxicated means you couldn't fully consent. A lack of enthusiasm is not a "yes." Any sign of discomfort should have led him to stop immediately and talk with you. His failure to notice these things suggests he was willfully ignoring the signs that you weren't fully on board.

It's understandable to feel confused and conflicted, especially if parts of the relationship felt good. Abusers aren't always bad in every way. But someone who violates consent and pressures a partner into unwanted sexual acts is being abusive in those moments, whatever their other qualities. You didn't deserve to be treated that way, and it wasn't your fault.

It's also important to recognize that we live in a society where men often aren't properly taught about consent. Many boys and men internalize harmful ideas about being entitled to sex or needing to convince reluctant partners. These toxic norms do not excuse abusive behavior, but they may contribute to why some men fail to recognize or respect the nuances of consent. It's possible your ex-boyfriend had absorbed these unhealthy messages, which then played out in your relationship. Again, this doesn't make his actions okay, but it adds important context.

Ultimately, only you can define your experiences and decide what labels feel true to you. No one else gets to tell you what you've been through or how you should feel about it. If these experiences felt violating and traumatic, then it's valid to name them as abuse or assault. Trust your own emotions and reactions. You're the expert on your story.

Healing from sexual abuse can be a difficult journey, but you don't have to do it alone. I would encourage you to reach out to a counselor or call an abuse hotline to talk through your experiences in more depth. With time and support, it's absolutely possible to process this trauma and come to a place of clarity and peace. You're not alone, and you didn't do anything wrong. Thank you for reaching out to us.

Question 6

When I was around 11, I had some physical contact with a younger sibling that involved body contact while we were both clothed. This happened a few times, and I didn't understand it wasn't appropriate at the time. I'm struggling with guilt about this now and wondering how to cope with these feelings.

Accepted Answer

Thank you for reaching out to us. The guilt you're carrying is incredibly heavy, and it's completely understandable that you're feeling this way now, especially as you've grown and gained a deeper understanding of appropriate boundaries. What you're describing is actually more common than many people realize, though it's rarely discussed openly, which can make people feel isolated in their experiences.

When you were 11 years old, you were still a child exploring the world and learning about relationships and behaviors. At that age, your brain was still developing, particularly the areas responsible for understanding consequences, appropriate boundaries, and sexual behavior. Children naturally explore their bodies and may engage in sexual play as part of normal development, and sometimes engage in behaviors without malicious intent or awareness of inappropriateness. The fact that you didn't realize it wasn't appropriate at the time speaks to your developmental stage and the normal limitations of childhood understanding, not an intent to harm.

The guilt you're experiencing now reflects your adult understanding of appropriate boundaries and your capacity for empathy. These are actually positive qualities, even though they're causing you pain. It's important to recognize, however, that childhood sexual behavior exists on a spectrum where context matters greatly.

Dealing with guilt can be challenging, but it's also an opportunity for self-compassion and forgiveness. Processing these feelings often requires separating your adult understanding from your childhood actions. Acknowledge that your younger self didn't have the knowledge or maturity to make different choices, and remember that forgiving yourself doesn't mean dismissing what happened. It means recognizing that you've grown since then and are committed to acting with awareness and care now.

It might help to talk about your feelings with someone you trust, like a close friend or family member, who can offer support and understanding. If these feelings continue to weigh heavily on you, consider reaching out to a mental health professional who specializes in childhood sexual behavior or trauma. They can provide a safe, non-judgmental space to explore your emotions further and help you work through your guilt while finding ways to move forward with kindness toward yourself. They can also help you understand the difference between accountability and self-punishment, and guide you toward healing rather than ongoing shame.

Everyone makes mistakes during childhood, and it's how we learn and grow from them that truly matters. Be gentle with yourself as you navigate these feelings, and know that it's okay to let go of the guilt and focus on the person you've become. The most important thing right now is taking care of your own emotional wellbeing and finding healthy ways to process these complex feelings.

Question 7

Can two younger children (e.g. ages 9-11) consent to sex? I don't believe they can. But if no adult is around to monitor what's going on,  how does the child on the receiving end of the other child's behavior (initiated and lead by the other child) classify their experience? If they don't know what they are consenting to, and no isn't an option for them,  is this abuse? This was my experience and I struggle so much with accepting what happened as being abuse. But I have all the hallmark signs of having been abused as a child.

Accepted Answer

I'm so sorry that you experienced this and are struggling with the impact and meaning of it. What you're describing sounds distressing and violating, even though both people involved were children.

You're absolutely right that legally children ages 9-11 cannot meaningfully consent to sex, regardless of whether an adult is present. Children that age are not developmentally capable of understanding or consenting to sexual activity. If one child initiates sexual behaviors and the other child feels unable to refuse or stop what's happening, that is very concerning. It's not truly consensual, even if the child didn't overtly say no, since the pressure and power dynamics make it impossible for them to freely choose.

At the same time, it's important to recognize that not all sexual behaviors between children are inherently abusive. Some degree of sexual curiosity and exploration between children of similar ages is considered normal and not necessarily harmful, as long as there is mutual agreement, no coercion, and it doesn't cause distress.

However, when one child pressures or forces sexual activity on another, there is a significant age/power difference, or it happens frequently or in a compulsive way, that crosses the line into abuse. If you experienced sexual activity with another child that felt overwhelming, violating or traumatic, your feelings are completely valid. It's okay to define and label your experience as abuse. Even if the other child didn't intend harm, if you were negatively impacted, that matters. No one else can dictate how you feel about what happened to you.

All children have the right to have their boundaries respected and to be free from coercive and unwanted sexual experiences. Struggling to accept what you experienced as abuse is so understandable, especially since it doesn't fit the stereotype of an adult perpetrator. But this absolutely can be an abusive experience with lasting harmful impacts, as you know firsthand. Your feelings of violation are real and valid.

There is still a lot we don't understand about child sexual development and behavior. More research is needed to better distinguish between harmless experimentation vs. harmful abuse. But in general, any sexual activity that is unwanted, coercive or distressing to one or more of the children involved is not okay and can be significantly damaging, regardless of ages.

I hope you can begin to extend compassion to your younger self and recognize that you did nothing to deserve this harm. It might help to imagine a child you love going through this - would you see it as their fault? You deserve the same grace and gentleness with yourself.

Healing from COCSA is a difficult journey. I'm so sorry you've had to carry this alone. I hope you're able to access good therapeutic support to process your experiences, learn to trust your own feelings, and begin to reclaim your sense of worth and autonomy. What happened to you matters, and support is available.

Wishing you all the best on your healing path. Please remember that you're not alone.

Question 8

I went out for drinks with a friend and he kept trying to touch me, repeatedly putting his hand on my thigh. Every time I pushed him away, his hand would move higher. Is this still considered sexual assault even though we were both fully clothed?

Accepted Answer

Thank you for reaching out and sharing your experience. What you shared sounds like unwanted and repeated sexual touching that continued despite your clear physical boundaries. Sexual assault refers to any unwanted sexual contact without consent, regardless of whether clothes were involved or not. The fact that you repeatedly pushed his hand away clearly communicated your lack of consent, yet he persisted and even escalated by moving his hand higher.

Yes, unwanted touching, even over clothing, can be considered a form of sexual assault or sexual harassment. However, it's important to recognize that only you have the right to define and label your own experiences. Some people find that naming what happened helps them process their feelings and seek appropriate support, while others may find labels constraining or not fully reflective of their personal experience. Whatever terminology feels right to you—or choosing not to use specific terms at all—is completely valid.

Consent is essential in any physical interaction, and you have the absolute right to determine who touches you, when, and how - regardless of your relationship with that person, what you're wearing, or whether you're in a social situation like having drinks together.

Many survivors question their experiences, especially when the person who violated their boundaries was someone they knew and trusted. This self-doubt is common and doesn't invalidate what happened. It's completely understandable that you're feeling unsettled by what happened. Trust your instincts and feelings about this situation. Your discomfort was real and valid.

It's important to acknowledge that this behavior is not your fault, and you didn't do anything wrong. The responsibility for respecting boundaries always lies with the person initiating touch. You deserve to feel safe and respected in all situations, including when spending time with friends. Your body autonomy matters in all circumstances.

Healing from boundary violations takes time, and it's okay to seek support. If you're comfortable, consider talking to someone you trust about what happened—whether that's a friend, family member, or a professional who can offer support and guidance. Remember, you're not alone, and there are people who care about you and want to help. Taking care of yourself is the priority, and reaching out is a brave first step. Thank you for trusting us with this. You are not alone.

Question 9

When I was around 6-7 years old, another child of a similar age repeatedly pressured, emotionally manipulated, and guilt-tripped me into engaging in oral sex. Despite me saying no numerous times, he continued to pressure me until I eventually complied. Does this count as child-on-child sexual abuse (COCSA)?

Accepted Answer

Thank you for this question and I am so sorry you experienced this. Based on the information you've shared, it sounds like what you experienced could be child-on-child sexual abuse (COCSA). The repeated pressure, emotional manipulation, and guilt-tripping to engage in sexual acts, even though you both were young, is concerning and may constitute abusive behavior. Your repeated refusals should have been respected, and the fact that the other child continued to coerce you until you complied suggests a violation of your boundaries and autonomy.

It's essential to understand that consent is a crucial aspect of any sexual interaction, and children at such a young age cannot provide informed consent. If the other child's actions made you feel uncomfortable, pressured, or violated, your feelings are valid, and you are not to blame for what happened.

COCSA can have lasting effects on survivors, similar to those experienced by survivors of adult-perpetrated sexual abuse. It's common to feel confusion, guilt, or shame, but it's crucial to remember that you were a child who was manipulated and coerced into a situation you did not want to be in.

It's important to recognize that only you can define your experiences and how they have impacted you. Everyone processes and understands their trauma differently, and there is no right or wrong way to feel about what happened to you. Trust your own perceptions and emotions, and don't let anyone minimize or invalidate your experiences.

If you feel that you need support in processing these experiences, seeking help from a therapist who specializes in childhood sexual abuse can be incredibly beneficial. They can provide a safe space for you to explore your emotions, work through the trauma, and develop coping strategies.

Remember that you are not alone, and there are resources and support systems available to help you on your healing journey. Your experiences are valid, and your feelings matter. Be gentle with yourself and know that healing is possible.

We appreciate you reaching out and are here for you.

Question 10

When I was around 11, I initiated body rubbing with a younger sibling on about three occasions. As I got older, I realized this wasn't appropriate behavior, and I feel terrible guilt about it. Was there something wrong with me to do this? Is this normal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Thank you for sharing your feelings about this deeply personal experience. It's understandable that you're grappling with guilt and confusion as you reflect on what happened when you were younger. The guilt and concern you feel shows that you understand boundaries now in ways you didn't as a child, and that recognition is actually a sign of healthy development and empathy.

When you were 11 years old, you were still very much a child, learning about yourself and the world around you. At that age, children often explore and test boundaries as part of their development, sometimes without fully understanding the appropriateness of their actions. Childhood sexual behaviors exist on a wide spectrum, and what you're describing falls into what many experts consider exploratory behavior that can occur during normal childhood development. At age 11, children are naturally curious about bodies and physical sensations, but they lack the cognitive development to fully understand concepts like consent, power dynamics, or the potential impact of their actions.

The age difference you mention does create a power imbalance that makes this behavior concerning, but it's important to understand that as an 11-year-old, you likely didn't have the developmental capacity to fully grasp these dynamics. Children often act on curiosity and physical impulses without the ability to predict or understand consequences the way adults do. Your brain was still developing the capacity for abstract thinking, impulse control, and understanding complex social and emotional consequences. This doesn't excuse the behavior, but it provides important context for understanding why it happened.

The fact that you now realize the behavior wasn't appropriate and that you feel remorse shows your growth and awareness. It's a sign of your moral development and empathy. Feeling guilty indicates that you care deeply about others and understand the importance of respecting boundaries. Many adults carry guilt about childhood behaviors that they later recognize as inappropriate or harmful. This guilt, while painful, often reflects growth and the development of a more sophisticated understanding of relationships, boundaries, and consent. The fact that you stopped this behavior and feel remorse suggests that your moral reasoning developed normally as you matured.

It's important to be compassionate with yourself. While you can't change the past, you can acknowledge your feelings and use this awareness to inform how you engage with others now. If these feelings of guilt continue to weigh heavily on you or if this experience continues to cause you distress, speaking with a trauma-informed therapist who specializes in childhood sexual behavior can be incredibly helpful. They can provide personalized support to help you process these feelings and develop healthy coping strategies.

Remember, making mistakes is a part of being human, and recognizing them is a crucial step toward personal growth. You deserve compassion and support as you work through these difficult emotions, including compassion for the child you were who was still learning about the world. Be kind to yourself as you navigate these complex feelings.

Question 11

What are some ways to process sexual abuse experiences without immediate access to professional therapy or counseling?

Accepted Answer

Thank you for this important question. Processing sexual abuse without immediate access to professional help can be challenging, but is often necessary in a world where mental health support can be costly and inaccessible. There are other strategies and resources out there that can support your healing journey. Here are some suggestions on how you might begin to process sexual abuse without a therapist or counselor:

1. Self-help books: There are many books written by experts and survivors that offer guidance and coping strategies.

2. Journaling: Writing about your experiences and feelings can be therapeutic. We have linked an online journaling tool created by me too international that we think can be helpful. If you prefer a physical journal that has self-guided prompts, there are many out there (we also have one for sale in our shop).

3. Online support groups or virtual communities: These can provide a sense of community, support, and shared understanding from others who have experienced similar things as you.

4. Mindfulness and meditation: These practices can help manage anxiety, reduce stress, promote emotion regulation, and decrease intrusive thoughts.

5. Creative expression: Art, music, or other creative outlets can be powerful healing tools.

6. Physical exercise: Regular physical activity can help manage stress and improve mood. This does not need to be formal exercise in a gym (though it can be). It can also include walking in nature, dancing to your favorite music, gentle stretching or yoga at home, gardening, swimming, or any form of movement that feels good to you. The key is to find activities that you enjoy and that make you feel connected to your body in a positive way. Remember, the goal is not to push yourself too hard, but to engage in movement that feels nurturing and empowering.

7. Photography: Use photography to explore and capture moments that feel healing or empowering to you. This can help you focus on positive experiences and track your healing journey visually.

8. Celebrate small victories: Acknowledge and celebrate your progress, no matter how small it might seem. This can boost your motivation and reinforce positive changes.

9. Set and celebrate healing goals: Establish realistic, achievable goals for your healing process and celebrate when you reach them. This can provide a sense of direction and accomplishment.

As a reminder, these methods aren't replacements for professional help, but they can be valuable tools in your healing process. Healing is a personal journey, and what works for one person may not work for another. It's okay to try different approaches and find what feels right for you. If professional help becomes available, consider taking advantage of it. If you feel that you are in crisis or in need of immediate support, access this free online survivior support hotline. Your wellbeing is important, and you deserve support in your healing journey.

Question 12

When I was younger, I had a couple of experiences with other children that I'm wondering about. In one situation, an older child exposed himself and tried to convince me to do inappropriate things, though I didn't. In another ongoing situation with a child closer to my age, we would find private spots to expose ourselves to each other and there was touching involved. I'm wondering if these experiences might be considered child-on-child sexual abuse (COCSA)?

Accepted Answer

Thank you for reaching out and asking about this. Regarding your first experience, what you described (an older child exposing himself and attempting to coerce you into sexual contact) does align with characteristics of child-on-child sexual abuse. The significant age difference (approximately 6-7 years), the coercive nature of trying to convince you to do something you did not want to do and the inappropriate sexual behavior all suggest this was abusive. The fact that you didn't comply doesn't diminish the inappropriate and harmful nature of what occurred. Your instincts protected you in that moment, and that matters.

The second experience you described is more complex, as many childhood sexual experiences fall into gray areas. When children of similar ages engage in sexual behaviors, it can sometimes be considered normal childhood sexual exploration, particularly when it's mutual, age-appropriate, and not coercive. Your current uncertainty about how you felt and who initiated it, may also indicate this experience was problematic in some ways.

It's important to understand that regardless of the specific labels we might apply to these experiences, your feelings about them are completely valid. Childhood sexual experiences, whether clearly abusive or in gray areas, can impact us in various ways. Some people experience confusion, shame, difficulty with boundaries, or challenges in relationships. Others may have few lasting effects. There's no "right" way to be affected by these experiences.

Your brain was still developing during these experiences, which means your memories may be fragmented or unclear. This is completely normal for childhood trauma. The confusion you feel about these events doesn't reflect any failing on your part--it reflects the complexity of childhood experiences and how our developing minds process them.

If these memories are causing you distress or impacting your life in ways that concern you, speaking with a trauma-informed therapist who specializes in childhood sexual experiences can be incredibly helpful. They can provide you with personalized support and help you process these experiences in a safe environment. Remember that seeking support isn't about determining whether these experiences "count" as abuse, but about caring for yourself and any impact they may have had on your life.

Your experiences matter, your feelings about them are valid, and you deserve support and healing regardless of how these experiences might be categorized. Thank you for trusting us with this.

Question 13

What is COCSA? What is considered COCSA between same aged, pre-adolescent children? Are there any resources or research on the subject to help determine what behavior is healthy vs. abusive?

Accepted Answer

Thank you for this question. We receive a lot of questions about COCSA and I encourage you to read some of our other answers that relate to this as well as our recent blog post that summarizes what we know about it for more information.

COCSA stands for Child on Child Sexual Abuse. It refers to sexual activity between children that involves coercion, force, or lack of consent. Determining whether sexual behavior between children is abusive depends on factors like whether there is a significant age or developmental difference, use of force, coercion, or manipulation, and how the children feel about what happened.

Some sexual play and exploration between similarly-aged children is normal and healthy. Typical childhood sexual play is spontaneous, voluntary, lighthearted, easily diverted, balanced in power, and occurs between friends. Concerning signs include one child exerting power over the other, secrecy, strong emotions like anger or anxiety, and behaviors that are compulsive or adult-like.

Unfortunately, research on COCSA is still emerging and resources can be limited.

Some key takeaways are:

Sexual abuse between children is more common than many realize. As many as 40% of children who are sexually abused are abused by older, or more "powerful" children.
It can be hard to tell the difference between normal sexual play and abuse. Context, power dynamics, secrecy and consent are important factors to consider.
Effects of COCSA are similar to sexual abuse by adults, including shame, trauma, relationship difficulties and mental health challenges. All children involved need support.
There is still a lot of stigma and lack of understanding around this issue. More research, resources and supports are badly needed.

Thank you for asking a question about this important topic. We appreciate it.

Question 14

I'm struggling with uncertainty about traumatic events from my childhood. While I'm certain something inappropriate occurred, I worry I might be unintentionally exaggerating the details in my mind. Since it involved another child, I sometimes question if it was harmful behavior or more typical childhood interactions. How can I cope with these doubts and conflicting memories?

Accepted Answer

Thank you for sharing your concerns about these difficult childhood experiences. Your feelings and doubts are valid. Memory, especially of distressing events, can be complex and sometimes unclear. It's not uncommon for individuals who have had potentially traumatic childhood experiences to question their recollections or worry about the accuracy of their memories. This uncertainty doesn't invalidate your experiences or feelings.

When it comes to processing difficult past events, it's crucial to understand that everyone's journey is unique. Some individuals find comfort and clarity in labeling their experiences, as it can help them make sense of what happened and validate their feelings. Others may prefer not to use specific labels, finding that approach more conducive to their healing process. Both approaches are entirely valid, and what matters most is what feels right and helpful for you personally.

There are several ways to cope with these doubts and conflicting memories. Seeking professional support from a therapist experienced in childhood issues can be incredibly helpful. They can provide a safe environment for you to process your experiences and emotions, as well as teach techniques for managing anxiety and intrusive thoughts related to your memories. Practicing self-compassion is also crucial - be kind to yourself as you navigate these complex emotions and remember that your feelings are valid, regardless of the specific details you recall or how you choose to categorize your experiences.

While the exact details of past events may be unclear, your current emotions and need for healing are real and deserving of attention. Focus on your present feelings and needs rather than trying to perfectly reconstruct the past. Journaling about your thoughts and feelings can help you process them and potentially bring clarity over time. When doubts become overwhelming, using grounding techniques can help bring you back to the present moment.

Remember, healing is not dependent on having a perfect recollection of events or fitting your experiences into a specific category. What matters most is acknowledging your feelings, seeking support, and focusing on your well-being in the present. Your journey towards understanding and processing your past is valid and important, regardless of the specifics of your memories or how you choose to describe them. If these thoughts continue to cause significant distress, please consider reaching out to a mental health professional for personalized support. Thank you for reaching out to us. You are not alone.

Question 15

When I was 16, my 15-year-old boyfriend pressured me into sexual activity at a party. I have autism and struggle with social cues. I didn't want to do it but nodded after he kept begging. I never told him to stop, but afterwards I left and threw up. I felt very uncomfortable afterward but never told him. Was this assault? Is it valid if the other person was younger?

Accepted Answer

Thank you so much for trusting us with this deeply personal experience. It sounds like a difficult situation, and your feelings about it are important. While I can provide information and perspective based on what you've shared, only you can decide how to label what happened to you. No one else can tell you how to feel about it or what to call it. Your feelings are valid, whatever they are.

The situation you've described has many elements that imply that it may have been sexually coercive. Let's talk about sexual coercion. This is when someone pressures or tricks another person into sexual activity they don't want. It can include:

Asking over and over until the person gives in
Making the person feel guilty for saying no
Threatening to end the relationship if the person doesn't agree

In your situation, your boyfriend kept asking even though you didn't want to. This is a form of pressure. Even though you nodded, you shared that you did not really want to do it. True consent means both people are happy and excited to participate. Consent should be enthusiastic, freely given, and can be revoked at any time. Pressure or coercion, even from a partner, does not allow for true consent.

It's important to know that:

It doesn't matter that he was younger. Anyone can pressure someone else, regardless of age.
You don't have to say "no" out loud for it to count as not wanting something.
Feeling sick afterwards is a sign that something wasn't right for you.

Your autism might make it harder to understand social situations or express your feelings. This is not your fault. Your boyfriend should have paid attention to your comfort, not just looked for a nod.

It's a common misconception that assault only occurs when someone explicitly says "no." In reality, the absence of an enthusiastic "yes" should be treated as a "no." Your reluctance and the need for repeated convincing should have been respected as a lack of consent.

It's understandable to feel conflicted about this, especially given your relationship with him and your own challenges with social communication. However, it's important to recognize that you're not responsible for his actions. He should have been more attentive to your comfort and willingness.

Moving forward, it might be helpful to speak with a therapist who specializes in autism and trauma. They can help you process this experience and develop strategies for clearer communication in future relationships. Remember, your feelings are valid, and it's okay to set boundaries and expect them to be respected, regardless of your neurodiversity or the age of your partner.

Most importantly, remember that healing is a personal journey. How you choose to label or process this experience may change over time, and that's okay. Your feelings and interpretations are valid at every stage of your healing process. Thank you so much for reaching out to us. You are not alone.

Question 16

I'm struggling with a recovered childhood memory of inappropriately touching my younger sibling when I was around 11-12 and they were 7-8. It was a one-time incident through clothes, and while I know I didn't have harmful intent, I feel overwhelming guilt and shame. I'm worried about potential trauma impact and unsure how to handle these feelings or if I should tell my family.

Accepted Answer

Thank you for having the courage to share this difficult memory with us. It's clear from your message that you feel deep remorse and care about your brother's wellbeing. It's important to understand that sexually reactive behavior in children can be complex and often stems from developmental factors, curiosity, or sometimes the child's own experiences of confusion around boundaries.

Your age at the time is significant. At 11-12, you were still developing understanding of appropriate boundaries and behavior. Children and adolescents often act without fully understanding the implications of their actions. While this doesn't minimize the seriousness of the incident, it's important to recognize that children at this age typically don't have the same capacity for understanding consequences as adults do. The fact that you never repeated the behavior and feel genuine remorse shows growth and moral development.

Carrying this kind of guilt alone can be incredibly heavy. You're not alone in grappling with difficult memories from your past. Speaking with a mental health professional who specializes in childhood trauma could help you process these feelings in a healthy way. They can provide a safe, confidential space to help you understand the context of your childhood behavior and develop strategies for managing shame while moving forward constructively.

If you're concerned about your brother's wellbeing, a counselor can also help you think through whether and how to address this with him or other family members. There's no universal "right" answer - what's most important is approaching any potential conversation with sensitivity and respect for everyone's emotional safety.

Remember that acknowledging past mistakes and feeling genuine remorse is part of growth and healing. You're showing tremendous thoughtfulness in reflecting on this experience and seeking support. While you can't change the past, you can choose to channel these feelings into becoming a more aware and emotionally responsible person. Be gentle with yourself as you navigate these complex emotions. Thank you so much for reaching out to us. You are not alone.

Question 17

I'm struggling to process an uncomfortable experience at a party. I initiated kissing with someone, but they proceeded to touch me inappropriately without my consent. Although I physically indicated I didn't want this by pushing their hand away multiple times, I continued kissing them. I'm confused about my reaction and unsure how to interpret or handle the situation. How can I process this experience, and what could I have done differently?

Accepted Answer

Thank you for sharing this difficult experience. First and foremost, what happened to you was not your fault. The other person's actions were inappropriate and violated your boundaries. Consent for one activity (kissing) does not imply consent for other sexual acts. You clearly communicated your discomfort by pushing their hand away repeatedly, which should have been respected.

It's common to feel confused about your reactions in situations like this. Our bodies and minds can respond in complex ways to stressful or uncomfortable experiences. Continuing to kiss while feeling uncomfortable with other actions doesn't mean you consented to or wanted the unwanted touching. There could be many reasons for this reaction, including shock, fear, or simply not knowing how to handle the situation in the moment.

As you process this experience, remember that your feelings, whatever they may be, are valid. There's no "right" way to feel or react in these situations. It might be helpful to talk to a counselor or therapist who specializes in trauma and sexual consent issues. They can provide professional support as you work through your feelings and labeling what occured to you. Remember that in the future, you have the right to stop any sexual activity at any time, even if you initiated it or previously consented.

Practice self-compassion. Many people freeze or have difficulty reacting in overwhelming situations. This doesn't make what happened your fault. If you feel comfortable, consider discussing consent and boundaries with trusted friends or joining advocacy groups that promote awareness about these issues. Remember, healing is a process, and it's okay to take the time you need. If you're struggling, don't hesitate to reach out to a trusted friend, family member, or a helpline for additional support. Thanks for reaching out to us. You are not alone.

Question 18

I was making progress recovering from childhood sexual trauma, but recently I've found myself regressing. I'm experiencing intrusive thoughts about the trauma, especially during intimate moments, which forces me to stop. I'm questioning my experiences and their validity, and find myself constantly ruminating. This feels like a major setback, especially since there's no clear trigger. Why might this regression be happening, and how can I maintain motivation for recovery when progress isn't linear?

Accepted Answer

Thank you for reaching out and sharing your feelings. This really resonates with me and I am sure for many others who might be reading this. It's completely understandable to feel discouraged when old emotions resurface, especially after you've been making progress in your healing journey. Recovery from childhood trauma often isn't a straight line, and (while frustrating) it's common to experience ups and downs along the way.

Sometimes, distressing feelings can reemerge without an obvious reason, and that can be confusing. It's important to remember that this doesn't diminish the progress you've already made. What happened to you was traumatic and takes time to overcome. Healing is a process, and just because you are experiencing setbacks, doesn't mean you're back at the beginning.

Intrusive thoughts and ruminations can be particularly challenging, especially when they affect your daily life and relationships. Doubting your experiences and their validity is also a common response to trauma. Try to remind yourself that your feelings are valid, and it's okay to acknowledge them.

Staying motivated during tough times can be difficult, but here are a few practices that might help:

1. Self-Compassion: Be gentle with yourself. Acknowledge that it's okay to have tough days and that healing takes time.

2. Mindfulness and Grounding Techniques: Practices like deep breathing, meditation, or focusing on your senses can help bring you back to the present moment when you start to feel overwhelmed.

3. Engage in Activities You Enjoy: Doing things that bring you joy or a sense of accomplishment can help shift your focus and improve your mood.

4. Connect with Supportive People: Reach out to friends, family members, or support groups who understand and can offer encouragement.

5. Journaling: Writing down your thoughts and feelings can help you process them and identify any patterns or triggers.

6. Professional Support: If you haven't already, consider reaching out to a mental health professional who can provide guidance tailored to your situation.

Remember, experiencing a setback doesn't erase the progress you've made. Each step, even the difficult ones, is part of your journey toward healing. You're showing great strength by acknowledging how you feel and seeking ways to move forward. You're not alone. Thank you for trusting us with this

Question 19

Is it sexual assault if an adult touches another adult's private parts without consent, but as a joke or to upset them rather than for sexual reasons? Also, is it considered sexual assault or COCSA (child-on-child sexual abuse) if a young child pressures another child into sexual acts to bully them, rather than for explicitly sexual reasons?

Accepted Answer

Thank you for these important questions. They highlight complex issues regarding consent, intent, and the definition of sexual assault.

Regarding the first scenario involving adults:

Any non-consensual touching of private parts is generally considered sexual assault, regardless of the intent behind it. The key factor here is the lack of consent, not the motivation of the person doing the touching. Whether it's done as a joke, to upset someone, or for sexual gratification, touching someone's private parts without their permission is a violation of bodily autonomy and can be deeply distressing for the person who experienced it.

It's crucial to understand that the impact on the person who experienced it is what matters most, not the intent of the person committing the act. Even if meant as a joke, such actions can cause significant trauma and are legally and ethically unacceptable. Only the person who experienced these acts, however, can truly label them. They are the expert of their own experiences.

Regarding the second scenario involving children:

When it comes to children, the situation is complex but equally serious. Child-on-child sexual abuse (COCSA) does not require the perpetrator to have explicitly sexual intent. If a child is pressuring another child into sexual acts, even if the primary motivation is to bully or upset them, it is still considered a form of sexual abuse.

The key factors here are:
1. The sexual nature of the acts
2. The element of coercion or pressure
3. The lack of informed consent (children cannot give informed consent to sexual acts)

The intent of the child doing the pressuring doesn't change the fact that sexual abuse is occurring. Whether driven by curiosity, a desire to exert power, or an attempt to bully, such behavior is harmful and requires intervention.

It's important to note that in cases of COCSA, both children involved need help and support. The child exhibiting sexually harmful behavior may themselves be a victim of abuse or may not understand the gravity of their actions.

If you or someone you know has experienced something like this, it's important to seek support. This could involve reaching out to a trusted adult, a counselor, or a sexual assault helpline. Remember, it's never the fault of the person who experienced these acts that these things happened to them. Thank you again for asking these questions.

Question 20

I experienced childhood sexual trauma (oral abuse) and now struggle with vaginismus causing painful intercourse, despite the abuse not involving vaginal penetration. This has caused some issues in my relationship as we want children one day but I cannot handle vaginal sex. Pelvic floor exercises and dilators have provided minimal help. Why might I have vaginismus given the nature of my trauma, and how can I manage its effects?

Accepted Answer

Thank you for sharing your experience with us. We appreciate you reaching out and want to acknowledge the progress you've already made—this is a huge accomplishment. Your question addresses issues that many survivors face but often struggle to share with professionals, so we're grateful for your vulnerability and trust in us.

Firstly, it's crucial to understand that trauma responses, including vaginismus, can manifest in complex ways that aren't always directly linked to the specific type of abuse experienced. Vaginismus is a condition characterized by involuntary muscle spasms in the pelvic floor that can make vaginal penetration difficult or impossible. While it's often associated with sexual trauma involving vaginal penetration, your experience demonstrates that this isn't always the case.

The mind-body connection in trauma responses is intricate. Your body may be responding protectively to intimate situations in general, not just to the exact form of abuse you experienced. This protective response can extend to various aspects of physical and emotional intimacy, which explains why you might be experiencing vaginismus despite your trauma not involving vaginal penetration.

Managing vaginismus often requires a multifaceted approach, and it sounds like you have already tried some of these strategies. While everyone's body is different, here's a menu of options you can consider:

1. Professional help: If you haven't already, consider working with a trauma-informed pelvic floor physical therapist and a sex therapist who specializes in sexual trauma. They can provide tailored treatments and coping strategies that address both the physical and emotional aspects of vaginismus.

2. Open communication: Continue to have open, honest conversations with your partner about your experiences, feelings, and needs. This can help maintain intimacy and understanding in your relationship, especially as you navigate the challenges of family planning.

3. Explore non-penetrative intimacy: There are many ways to be intimate and express love that don't involve penetration. This can help maintain your connection while working on healing.

4. Mindfulness and relaxation techniques: These can help reduce anxiety and tension associated with intimacy. Your therapist can guide you through specific exercises tailored to your needs.

5. Paced approach: While you mentioned that pelvic floor exercises and dilators have provided minimal help so far, it's worth noting that these techniques often require time and consistent practice to show results. Work with your healthcare providers to establish a paced approach that feels comfortable for you.

6. Alternative family planning options: Given your desire for children, it may be helpful to discuss options like IVF or surrogacy with your partner and healthcare providers. These alternatives can allow you to build your family while continuing to work on your healing journey.

Additionally, there are some home-based methods to attempt conception without vaginal penetration, though their effectiveness can vary. This includes Intravaginal insemination (IVI) using a sterile syringe or cervical cap and at-home insemination kits. These methods may be less invasive but still require careful timing with ovulation. Consult a healthcare provider before attempting any of these options to ensure safety and improve chances of success. They can provide guidance on proper techniques, timing, and any potential risks or considerations specific to your situation.

For others reading this who may be experiencing similar issues, it's important to remember that vaginismus and other intimacy challenges following sexual trauma are not uncommon. If you're struggling with these issues, we encourage you to seek professional help from trauma-informed specialists. Be patient with yourself; healing is not linear. Communicate openly with your partner(s) about your needs and boundaries, and remember that your experiences and feelings are valid.

While the road to recovery can be challenging, many survivors have found ways to manage vaginismus. With the right support and resources, healing is possible. Thank you for reaching out to us, and while we could not provide a concrete solution, we hope this gives you more tools to try as you navigate this. You are not alone.

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I see some stories on the Our Wave platform have updates. How do I add an update to my story besides posting in the comments?

In the context sexual behaviour between children of the same or similar ages, what sort of behaviours might be considered coercion?

I went out for drinks with a friend and he kept trying to touch me, repeatedly putting his hand on my thigh. Every time I pushed him away, his hand would move higher. Is this still considered sexual assault even though we were both fully clothed?

When I was around 11, I initiated body rubbing with a younger sibling on about three occasions. As I got older, I realized this wasn't appropriate behavior, and I feel terrible guilt about it. Was there something wrong with me to do this? Is this normal behavior?

What are some ways to process sexual abuse experiences without immediate access to professional therapy or counseling?

What is COCSA? What is considered COCSA between same aged, pre-adolescent children? Are there any resources or research on the subject to help determine what behavior is healthy vs. abusive?

In the context sexual behaviour between children of the same or similar ages, what sort of behaviours might be considered coercion?

When I was around 11, I initiated body rubbing with a younger sibling on about three occasions. As I got older, I realized this wasn't appropriate behavior, and I feel terrible guilt about it. Was there something wrong with me to do this? Is this normal behavior?

What is COCSA? What is considered COCSA between same aged, pre-adolescent children? Are there any resources or research on the subject to help determine what behavior is healthy vs. abusive?

I see some stories on the Our Wave platform have updates. How do I add an update to my story besides posting in the comments?

I went out for drinks with a friend and he kept trying to touch me, repeatedly putting his hand on my thigh. Every time I pushed him away, his hand would move higher. Is this still considered sexual assault even though we were both fully clothed?

What are some ways to process sexual abuse experiences without immediate access to professional therapy or counseling?

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